Which scanning technique utilizes ionizing radiation to create detailed images of body structures?

The technique that utilizes ionizing radiation to create detailed images of body structures is computed tomography (CT). CT scans work by taking multiple X-ray images from different angles around the body and using computer processing to create cross-sectional images, or "slices," of the bones, organs, and soft tissues. This method provides high-resolution images, allowing for detailed examination and diagnosis of various medical conditions.

In contrast, functional MRI (fMRI) does not use ionizing radiation; it relies on magnetic fields and radio waves to measure brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. Positron emission tomography (PET) does involve a form of ionizing radiation but primarily focuses on metabolic processes rather than detailed structural imaging. Ultrasonography, on the other hand, uses sound waves to create images of soft tissues and does not involve any radiation. Each of these techniques has unique applications and methodologies, but for creating detailed structural images using ionizing radiation, CT is the appropriate choice.