What was the name of the experiment that aimed to measure the speed of the Earth through the aether, ultimately leading to Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity?

The Michelson-Morley experiment is well-known for its historical significance in the quest to measure the Earth's motion through the hypothetical medium known as aether. In the late 19th century, physicists believed that light waves required a medium (aether) through which they propagated, similar to how sound waves travel through air. The experiment, conducted by Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley in 1887, aimed to detect differences in the speed of light caused by the movement of the Earth through aether.

The setup involved an interferometer that split a beam of light into two perpendicular paths. As the Earth moved, the speed of light was expected to differ in the direction of motion compared to the perpendicular direction. However, the experiment yielded a null result, indicating that there was no measurable difference in the speed of light regardless of the Earth's motion through space. This surprising outcome challenged existing notions about aether and ultimately contributed to the development of Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity, which proposed that the speed of light is constant in all inertial frames of reference, eliminating the need for aether altogether.

In contrast to Michelson-Morley, the Foucault experiment focused on the rotation of the Earth and the