What phenomenon is exhibited when electrons pass through a crystal lattice due to their wave nature?

When electrons pass through a crystal lattice, they exhibit a behavior known as electron diffraction. This phenomenon occurs as a result of the wave-like nature of electrons, which is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. According to wave theory, particles such as electrons can exhibit wave properties, including interference and diffraction, when they encounter obstacles or openings comparable in size to their wavelength.

As electrons travel through a crystal lattice, they interact with the periodic arrangement of atoms, which acts as a series of slits or barriers. This interaction causes the electrons to spread out and form an interference pattern, similar to what is observed with light waves being diffracted through a narrow slit or around an object. The resulting diffraction pattern provides valuable information about the crystal structure, helping scientists understand material properties at a microscopic level.

The other choices refer to distinct physical phenomena. Electron projection does not relate to the wave nature of electrons; rather, it is typically understood in terms of the movement of electrons without consideration of their wave properties. The photoelectric effect describes the emission of electrons from a material when it absorbs light, a phenomenon that emphasizes particle-like interactions rather than wave interactions. Electron resonance, on the other hand, is related to the excitation of electrons in certain environments and is not specifically linked